“Don’t forget to put on sunscreen.” We’ve heard it all before, and for good reason, too. Sunburn, premature aging, immune system suppression, and skin cancer—these are some of the potential effects of exposing your skin to UV rays. So yes, it’s to no surprise that sunscreen is, without a doubt, the most crucial part of your skincare routine. It’s always necessary—even if you have darker skin, even during the winter, and even when there’s no sun to be seen.
Yet despite the importance of sunscreen, there’s not a lot of transparency about how it really works, what the ingredients actually are,or how to choose one that’s right for you. So, before you buy your next sunscreen, here’s what you should know.
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are high-energy, invisible rays of light that injure the skin on a cellular level. They trigger the skin to produce melanin, a pigment that absorbs UV rays. That being said, melanin doesn’t equal immunity from UV. Tanning is ultimately an indicator of damage, and although people with darker skin aren’t as prone to sunburn, they’re still susceptible to skin cancer and other consequences of UV exposure.
There are two types of sunscreen: chemical and mineral. Chemical sunscreen includes active ingredients like octinoxate and avobenzone. These chemicals absorb UV rays before they hit the skin and release them as heat. Chemical sunscreens are often more cosmetically elegant than mineral sunscreens, but some can be irritating to the skin.
Mineral sunscreens, on the other hand, sit on the skin’s surface, creating a physical barrier between your skin and the sun—which is why it’s also often called “physical sunscreen” or “sunblock.” The most common active ingredients, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, also absorb UV rays. Mineral sunscreen tends to be thicker and is likely to have a white cast, and it often comes off more easily when you sweat or engage in water sports.
When it comes to picking your sunscreen, there are so many choices to make beyond just chemical versus mineral.
How do you know which sunscreen is right for you?
SPF, or sun protection factor, is a measure of protection against sunburn. SPF 30 is the most commonly recommended level since higher levels don’t necessarily provide significantly more protection. “Broad spectrum protection” is always better, since it protects against both types of UV rays: UVA and UVB. In terms of formula, avoid sprays and powders, as they’re typically not as effective as creams and lotions, and look for the words “water resistant” (or waterproof) on the packaging if you’re using it for active or aquatic purposes.
With all that in mind, here are five sunscreens for every lifestyle:
Elta MD UV Daily Broad-Spectrum SPF 40
This dermatologist-recommended sunscreen is a combination of mineral and chemical formulas, plus it contains hyaluronic acid for hydration! It’s also free of parabens, fragrances, dyes, and oils, making it a perfect pick for sensitive skin. $40.
La Roche Posay Anthelios Ultra Light Fluid Facial Sunscreen SPF 60
This chemical sunscreen is a cult favorite in France, where it’s known as UVMune 400, and for good reason.It contains antioxidants for protection and silica for a matte finish, making it especially suitable for oily skin. Reviewers praise the lightweight texture and easy application. $32.99
Beauty of Joseon Relief Sun: Rice + Probiotics (SPF50+ PA++++)
Beauty of Joseon’s best-selling sunscreen is trendy, affordable, and cosmetically elegant. It’s formulated with rice extract and glycerin, has a glowy finish, and works for all skin types! Plus, the advanced chemical filters in this sunscreen aren’t yet available in American products. $18.
Surfmud Mineral Sunscreen SPF 50+
A favorite among surfers and water athletes, this Australian sunscreen is specially formulated for active, outdoor use! Zinc oxide blocks UV while water-resistant ingredients promise protection even after a swim. $18.
Shiseido Clear Sunscreen Stick SPF 50+
This chemical sunscreen stick is perfect for easy reapplication and touchups—even over makeup! It contains HeatForce and WetForce technology for resistance against water and heat, and buyers love its convenience, invisibility on all skin tones, and subtle scent. $32.
Everyone’s skin and lifestyle are different, so be sure to adjust your sunscreen search accordingly. No matter what product you pick, make sure to apply liberally and reapply every two hours (and after swimming or sweating). And for an extra layer of protection, remember your clothing, hats, and sunglasses! Happy boating!